星载激光测高全波形数据处理技术研究进展Research progress of full waveform processing technology of satellite laser altimetry
张志杰,谢欢,童小华,张捍卫,李彬彬
摘要(Abstract):
针对星载激光测高系统在地形测绘、环境监测等方面具有独特的优势,该文首先介绍了主要的对地观测星载激光测高系统;然后以第一颗对地观测系统ICESat/GLAS为例,介绍该系统波形质量控制、波形滤波方法,初始距离计算方法及影响因素;波形分解是星载激光测高系统获取准确的星地距离的关键步骤;接着梳理了国内外全波形分解方法研究现状的主要进展,并对全波形分解算法及其优缺点进行了较全面的对比;最后结合即将发射的GF-7测高仪载荷特点,分析了未来要国产星载激光测高体系的波形数据处理还面临的挑战。
关键词(KeyWords): 星载激光测高;ICESat/GLAS;高斯分解;测距误差;GF-7
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目(41822106,41571407,41631178);; 高分辨率对地观测系统重大专项(11-Y20A12-9001-17/18);; 上海市科技创新行动计划项目(18511102100);; 上海市曙光计划项目(18SG22);; 中央高校基本科研业务费项目
作者(Author): 张志杰,谢欢,童小华,张捍卫,李彬彬
DOI: 10.16251/j.cnki.1009-2307.2019.12.026
参考文献(References):
- [1]胡国军,方勇,张丽.星载激光雷达的发展与测绘应用前景分析[J].测绘技术装备,2015(2):34-37.(HU Guojun,FANG Yong,ZHANG Li.Development and application prospect of space-borne LiDAR[J].Geomatics Technology and Equipment,2015(2):34-37.)
- [2]李然,王成,苏国中,等.星载激光雷达的发展与应用[J].科技导报,2007,25(14):58-63.(LI Ran,WANG Cheng, SU Guozhong, et al. Development and application of space-borne LiDAR[J].Science&Technology Review,2007,25(14):58-63.)
- [3] GARVIN J,BUFTON J,BLAIR J,et al.Observations of the earth’s topography from the shuttle laser altimeter(SLA):laser-pulse Echo-recovery measurements of terrestrial surfaces[J].Physics&Chemistry of the Earth,1998,23(9):1053-1068.
- [4] BRENNER A C,ZWALLY H J,BENTLEY C R,et al.Algorithm theoretical basis document for derivation of range and range distributions from laser pulse waveform analysis for surface elevations,roughness,slope,and vegetation heights[J/OL].[2018-06-06][2019-02-28].https:∥ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20120016646.
- [5] ABDALATI W,ZWALLY H J,BINDSCHADLER R,et al.The ICESat-2 laser altimetry mission[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,2010,98(5):735-751.
- [6] YU A W,KRAINAK M A,STEPHEN M A,et al.Spaceflight laser development for future remote sensing applications[J].Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering,2011,8182:818204-8182010.
- [7] TANG X,XIE J,FU X,et al.ZY3-02Laser altimeter on-orbit geometrical calibration and test[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2017,46(6):714-723.
- [8]唐新明,李国元,高小明,等.卫星激光测高严密几何模型构建及精度初步验证[J].测绘学报,2016,45(10):1182-1191.(TANG Xinming,LI Guoyuan,GAO Xiaoming,et al.The rigorous geometric model of satellite laser altimeter and preliminarily accuracy validation[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2016,45(10):1182-1191.)
- [9] MOHOLDT G,NUTH C,HAGEN J O,et al.Recent elevation changes of Svalbard glaciers derived from ICESat laser altimetry[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2010,114(11):2756-2767.
- [10]KROPáˇCEK J,NECKEL N,BAUDER A.Estimation of mass balance of the grosser aletschgletscher,Swiss Alps,from ICESat laser altimetry data and digital elevation models[J].Remote Sensing,2014,6(6):5614-5632.
- [11]XIE H,RONGXING L I,TONG X,et al. A comparative study of changes in the Lambert Glacier/Amery Ice Shelf system,East Antarctica,during 2004-2008using gravity and surface elevation observations[J].Journal of Glaciology,2016,1(235):1-17.
- [12]SMITH B E,FRICKER H A,JOUGHIN I R,et al.An inventory of active subglacial lakes in Antarctica detected by ICESat(2003—2008)[J].Journal of Glaciology,2017,55(192):573.
- [13]XIE H,LEI C,SHUANG L,et al.A least-squares adjusted grounding line for the amery ice shelf using ICESat and Landsat 8OLI data[J].IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations&Remote Sensing,2016,9(11):5113-5122.
- [14]DOLAN K A,HURTT G C,CHAMBERS J Q,et al.Using ICESat’s geoscience laser altimeter system(GLAS)to assess large-scale forest disturbance caused by hurricane Katrina[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2011,115(1):86-96.
- [15]李增元,刘清旺,庞勇.激光雷达森林参数反演研究进展[J].遥感学报,2016,20(5):1138-1150.(LI Zengyuan,LIU Qinwang,PANG Yong.Review on forest parameters inversion using LiDAR[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2016,20(5):1138-1150.)
- [16]BAGHDADI N,LE M G,FAYAD I,et al.Testing different methods of forest height and aboveground biomass estimations from ICESat/GLAS data in eucalyptus plantations in Brazil[J].IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations&Remote Sensing,2013,7(1):290-299.
- [17]MOLIJN R A,LINDENBERGH R C,GUNTER B C.ICESat laser full waveform analysis for the classification of land cover types over the cryosphere[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2011,32(23):8799-8822.
- [18]GHOSH S,NANDY S,PATRA S,et al.Land cover classification using ICESat/GLAS full waveform data[J].Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing,2016:1-9.
- [19]CARABAJAL C C,HARDING D J.ICESat validation of SRTM C-Band digital elevation models[J/OL].(2005-11-30)[2019-02-28].https:∥agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2005GL023957.
- [20]张重阳.基于GLAS数据的广义高程控制点库的建设与应用[D].阜新:辽宁工程技术大学,2015.(ZHANG Chongyang.Construction and application of generalized elevation control point database based on GLAS data[D].Fuxin:Liaoning Technical University,2015.)
- [21]LI G,TANG X,YUAN X,et al.Improve the ZY-3height accuracy using icesat/glas laser altimeter data[J].International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing&Spatial Information Science,2016,21(1):23-28.)
- [22]鄂栋臣,沈强,徐莹,等.基于ASTER立体数据和ICESat/GLAS测高数据融合高精度提取南极地区地形信息[J].中国科学:地球科学,2009,39(3):351-359.(E Dongchen,SHEN Qiang,XU Ying,et al.High precision extraction of topographic information in Antarctic area based on ASTER stereo data and ICESat/GLAS altimeter data fusion[J].Scientia Sinica Terrae,2009,39(3):351-359.)
- [23]DOUNG.Processing and application of icesat large footprint full waveform laser range data[D].Netherlands:Delft University of Technology,2010.
- [24]赖旭东,秦楠楠,韩晓爽,等.一种迭代的小光斑LiDAR波形分解方法[J].红外与毫米波学报,2013,32(4):319-324.(LAI Xudong,QIN Nannan,HAN Xiaoshuang,et al.Iterative decomposition method for small foot-print LiDAR waveform[J].Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves,2013,32(4):319-324.)
- [25]梁敏,马凯.基于高斯滤波的回波信号去噪方法的研究[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2017,40(1):40-42.(LIANG Min,MA Kai.Study on the method of echo signal denoising based on Gauss filter[J].Geomatics&Spatial Information Technology,2017,40(1):40-42.)
- [26]唐福鑫.基于星载激光雷达波形数据提取波形长度方法研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2011.(TANG Fuxin.A study on the methods of extraction the waveform length from GLAS data[D].Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology,2011.)
- [27]汤旭光.基于激光雷达与多光谱遥感数据的森林地上生物量反演研究[D].中国科学院大学,2013.(TANG Xuguang.Inversion of forest aboveground biomass based on LiDAR and multi spectral remote sensing data[D]. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2013.)
- [28]吴红波.基于星载大光斑LiDAR数据反演森林冠层高度及应用研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2011.(WU Hongbo.Study on retrieval and application of forest canopy height based on spaceborne large-footprint LiDAR data[D]. Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2011.)
- [29]马跃,李松,周辉,等.利用自适应滤波星载激光测高仪回波噪声抑制方法[J].红外与激光工程,2012,41(12):3263-3268.(MA Yue,LI Song,ZHOU Hui,et al.Noise suppression method for received waveform of satellite laser altimeter based on adaptive filter[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2012,41(12):3263-3268.)
- [30]BORSA A A,MOHOLDT G,FRICKER H A,et al.A range correction for ICESat and its potential impact on ice-sheet mass balance studies[J].Cryosphere Discussions,2013,7(4):4287.
- [31]李少宁.星载激光对地测高系统在轨几何定标研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2017.(LI Shaoning.Research on geometric calibration of earth observation satellite laser altimer[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2017.)
- [32]GUENTHER G,MESICK H.Analysis of airborne LiDAR bathymetric waveforms[EB/OL](1988-08-12)[2019-02-28].http:∥spie.org/Publications/Proceedings/Paper/10.1117/12.945729?SSO=1.
- [33]BLAIR J B,HOFTON M A.Modeling laser altimeter return waveforms over complex vegetation using highresolution elevation data[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1999,26(16):2509-2512.
- [34]李奇,马洪超.基于激光雷达波形数据的点云生产[J].测绘学报,2008,37(3):349-354.(LI Qi,MA Hongchao.The study of point-cloud production method based on waveform laser scanner data[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2008,37(3):349-354.)
- [35]WAGNER W,RONCAT A,MELZER T,et al.Waveform analysis techniques in airborne laser scanning[J].International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2007,36(3):413-418.
- [36]RONCAT A,WAGNER W,MELZER T,et al.Echo detection and localization in full-waveform airborne laser scanner data using the averaged square difference function estimator[J].The Photogrammetric Journal of Finland,2008,21(1):62-65.
- [37]徐光彩.机载LiADR波形数据处理及分类研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2010.(XU Guangcai.Research on airborne LiDAR waveform data processing and classifying[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2010.)
- [38]HOFTON M A, MINSTER J B,BLAIR J B.Decomposition of laser altimeter waveforms[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience&Remote Sensing,2000,38(4):1989-1996.
- [39]杨庚,黄春明.激光测高仪回波分解算法[J].空间科学学报,2005,25(2):125-131.(YANG Geng,HUANG Chunming.Decomposing algorithm of laser altimeter waveforms[J].Chinese Journal of Space Science,2005,25(2):125-131.)
- [40]杨学博,王成,习晓环,等.大光斑LiDAR全波形数据小波变换的高斯递进分解[J].红外与毫米波学报,2017,36(6):749-755.(YANG Xuebo,WANG Chen,XI Xiaohuan,et al.Wavelet transform of Gaussian progressive decomposition method for full-waveform LiDAR data[J].Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves,2017,36(6):749-755.)
- [41]CHAUVE A,MALLET C,BRETAR F,et al.Processing full-waveform LiDAR data:modelling raw signals[J]∥The International archives of Photogrammetry,Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences,2007(36):102-107.
- [42]WANG C,TANG F,LI L,et al.Wavelet analysis for ICESat/GLAS waveform decomposition and its application in average tree height estimation[J].IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,2013,10(1):115-119.
- [43]BRUGGISSER M,RONCAT A,SCHAEPMAN M E,et al.Retrieval of higher order statistical moments from full-waveform LiDAR data for tree species classification[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2017,196:28-41.
- [44]SHEN X,LI Q Q,WU G,et al.Decomposition of lidar waveforms by b-spline-based modeling[J].ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2017,128:182-191.
- [45]赵泉华,陈为多,王玉,等.偏正态全波激光雷达数据的可变分量波形分解[J].光学精密工程,2018,26(1):161-171.(ZHAO Quanhua,CHEN Weiduo,WANG Yu,et al.Full-waveform LiDAR data decomposition based on skew-normal distribution with unknown number of components[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2018,26(1):161-171.)
- [46]PERSSON,A,SDERMAN U,TPEL J,et al.Visualization and analysis of full-waveform airborne laser scanner data[J].Proceedings of SPIE-the International Society for Optical Engineering,2005,36(3):103-108.
- [47]PARRISH C E,JEONG I,NOWAK R D,et al.Empirical comparison of full-waveform LiDAR algorithms[J].Photogrammetric Engineering&Remote Sensing,2011,77(8):825:838.
- [48]JUTZI B,STILLA U.Range determination with waveform recording laser systems using a Wiener filter[J].ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2006,61(2):95-107.
- [49]WU J,VAN AARDT J,ASNER G P.A comparison of signal deconvolution algorithms based on smallfootprint LiDAR waveform simulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2011,49(6):2402-2414.
- [50]RONCAT A,BERGAUER G,PFEIFER N.B-spline deconvolution for differential target cross-section determination in full-waveform laser scanning data[J].ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2011,66(4):418-428.
- [51]GAO S,NIU Z,SUN G,et al.Height extraction of maize using airborne full-waveform LiDAR data and a deconvolution algorithm[J].IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,2015,12(9):1978-1982.
- [52]WANG Y,ZHANG J,RONCAT A,et al.Regularizing method for the determination of the backscatter cross section in LiDAR data[J].JOSA A,2009,26(5):1071-1079.
- [53]AZADBAKHT M,FRASER C S,KHOSHELHAM K.A sparsity-based regularization approach for deconvolution of full-waveform airborne LiDAR data[J].Remote Sensing,2016,8(8):648.
- [54]ZHOU T,POPESCU S C,KRAUSE K,et al.Gold-A novel deconvolution algorithm with optimization for waveform LiDAR processing[J].ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2017,129:131-150.
- [55]NEUENSCHWANDER A L.Evaluation of waveform deconvolution and decomposition retrieval algorithms for ICESat/GLAS data[J].Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing,2008,34(2):240-246.
- [56]SUN G Q,RANSON K J.Modeling lidar returns from forest canopies[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2000,38(6):2617-2626.
- [57]庞勇,李增元,车学俭,等.地形对大光斑激光雷达森林回波影响研究[J].林业科学研究,2007,20(4):464-468.(PANG Yong,LI Zengyuan,CHE Xuejian,et al.Effects of terra in on the large footprint LiDAR waveform of forests[J].Forest Research,2007,20(4):464-468.)
- [58]李展.基于ICESat/GLAS数据提取城市建筑物的三维信息[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2011.(LI Zhang.Extract 3D information of urban buildings from ICESat/GLAS data[D].Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2011.)
- [59]王蕊.大光斑激光雷达森林回波模拟和森林参数反演[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2015.(WANG Rui.Forest return waveform simulation and forest parameters inversion using large footprint LiDAR[D].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2015.)
- [60]王虹,张智宇,周辉,等.面向森林植被的星载大光斑激光雷达回波仿真[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2018,43(5):711-718.(WANG Hong,ZHANG Zhiyu,ZHOU Hui,et al.Simulation of forest vegetation return waveform for satellite large-footprint LiDAR[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2018,43(5):711-718.)
- [61]KOETZ B,SUN G,MORSDORF F,et al.Fusion of imaging spectrometer and LIDAR data over combined radiative transfer models for forest canopy characterization[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2007,106(4):449-459.
- [62]NORTH P,ROSETTE J,SUáREZ J,et al.A Monte Carlo radiative transfer model of satellite waveform LiDAR[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2010,31(5):1343-1358.
- [63]NI-MEISTER W,JUPP D L,DUBAYAH R.Modeling lidar waveforms in heterogeneous and discrete canopies[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2001,39(9):1943-1958.
- [64]YANG W,NI-MEISTER W,LEE S.Assessment of the impacts of surface topography,off-nadir pointing and vegetation structure on vegetation LiDAR waveforms using an extended geometric optical and radiative transfer model[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2011,115(11):2810-2822.
- [65]KIMES D S,KNYAZIKHIN Y,PRIVETTE J,et al.Inversion methods for physically-based models[J].Remote Sensing Reviews,2000,18(2-4):381-439.
- [66]刘峰.基于机载LiDAR数据林木识别与重建[D].长沙:中南大学,2012.(LIU Feng.Forest identification and reconstruction extraction from airborne LiDAR data[D].Changsha:Central South University,2012.)