王浩,刘娅菲,宁晓刚,张翰超

• 1:中国测绘科学研究院
• 2:武汉大学遥感信息工程学院

摘要(Abstract)：

针对当前城乡统计口径和城区边界提取标准不统一的问题,该文梳理了当前国内外城区边界相关概念及界定标准、不同分辨率影像下的城区边界遥感提取方法,以及城区边界提取中"连接"的判断方法。结果表明,当前城区边界遥感提取主要面临3个问题:选用的标准、城区中的"连接"判断标准缺乏、自动化程度有待加强。提出了上述3个问题的解决思路:构建综合空间特征和人口特征,符合中国国情和特色的指标体系;探讨不同"连接"判断方法对城区边界提取结果的影响;将城区边界提取标准转化为机器学习算法,引入人工智能技术提升城区边界自动化提取程度。

关键词(KeyWords)： 城区边界;城乡划分;空间特征;人口特征

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFE0205300);; 国家自然科学基金项目(41401513)

作者(Author): 王浩,刘娅菲,宁晓刚,张翰超

DOI: 10.16251/j.cnki.1009-2307.2019.06.023

参考文献(References)：

• [1]冯健,周一星,李博衡,等.城乡划分与监测[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.(FENG Jian,ZHOU Yixing,LIBoheng,et al.Urban-rural division and monitoring[M].Beijing:Science Press,2012.)
• [2]王峰,张东旭.城市空间增长边界与城市总体规划中相关概念的关系解析[C]∥规划创新:2010中国城市规划年会,重庆:[出版者不详],2010:5.(WANGFeng,ZHANG Dongxu.Analysis on the relationship between urban spatial growth boundary and related concepts in urban master planning[C]∥Planning Innovation:2010China Urban Planning Annual Meeting.Chongqing:[s.n.],2010:5.)
• [3]徐惟诚.中国大百科全书:精粹本[M].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,2002.(XU Weicheng.Encyclopedia of China:the essence of the book[M].Beijing:China Encyclopedia Publishing House,2002.)
• [4]宁晓刚,王浩,张翰超,等.2000-2016年中国地级以上城市高精度城区边界遥感提取及时空扩展分析[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2018,43(12):1916-1926.(NING Xiaogang,WANG Hao,ZHANG Hanchao,et al.High-precision urban boundary extraction and urban sprawl-temporal analysis in China’s prefectural cities from 2000to 2016[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2018,43(12):1916-1926.)
• [5]林广思.城市绿地统计问题及分析[J].城市规划,2013,37(5):80-84.(LIN Guangsi.Study on urban green space statistics[J].Urban Planning,2013,37(5):80-84.)
• [6]徐强,华晨.城市建成区面积统计口径亟待统一:以杭州中心城区为例[J].规划师,2005(4):88-91.(XUQiang,HUA Chen.Establishing a uniform standard for calculation of urban built-up area:with Hangzhou Central City zone as an example[J].Planners,2005(4):88-91.)
• [7]GUTZWILLER K J.Increasing the chance that landscape-and regional-level hypotheses will reflect important spatial patterns[J].Landscape Ecology,2013,28(10):1849-1858.
• [8]YANG J,PU Y.The urban expansion trends in the city of Nanjing based on RS and GIS[C]∥Geoinformatics 2008and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment:the Built Environment and Its Dynamics.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2008:71440F.
• [9]华晨,杨扬,黄娜.超常规发展中杭州城市建成区界定方法探讨[J].特区经济,2004(11):157-159.(HUAChen,YANG Yang,HUANG Na.Discussion on the definition method of urban built-up area in Hangzhou under supernormal development[J].Special Economic Zone,2004(11):157-159.)
• [10]沈洁,罗翔.英国城乡地域的划分:标准、方法与历程[J].规划师,2015,31(8):139-144.(SHEN Jie,LUOXiang.British urban and rural areas division:standard,approach,and process[J].Planners,2015,31(8):139-144.)
• [11]王智勇.中国的城乡划分与城镇化评估:基于国际比较的视角[J].人口与经济,2018(2):1-15.(WANGZhiyong.China’s rural-urban classification and urbanization evaluation:from the perspective of international comparison[J].Population&Economics,2018(2):1-15.)
• [12]惠彦,金志丰,陈雯.城乡地域划分和城镇人口核定研究:以常熟市为例[J].地域研究与开发,2009,28(1):42-46.(HUI Yan,JIN Zhifeng,CHEN Wen.Study on urban rural area division and urban population counting:the case of Changshu city[J].Areal Research and Development,2009,28(1):42-46.)
• [13]宁晓刚,王浩,林祥国,等.京津冀城市群1990-2015年城区时空扩展监测与分析[J].测绘学报,2018,47(9):1207-1215.(NING Xiaogang,WANG Hao,LINXiangguo,et al.Spatio-temporal urban sprawl monitoring and analysis over Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration during 1990-2015[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2018,47(9):1207-1215.)
• [14]MERTES C M,SCHNEIDER A,SULLA M D,et al.Detecting change in urban areas at continental scales with MODIS data[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2015,158:331-347.
• [15]SCHNEIDER A,FRIEDL M A,POTERE D.Mapping global urban areas using MODIS 500mdata:new methods and datasets based on‘urban ecoregions’[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2010,114(8):1733-1746.
• [16]SON N T,CHEN C F,CHANG L Y,et al.Urban growth mapping from Landsat data using linear mixture model in Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam[J].Journal of Applied Remote Sensing,2012,6(1):063543.
• [17]WANG L,LI C,YING Q,et al.China’s urban expansion from 1990 to 2010 determined with satellite remote sensing[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2012,57(22):2802-2812.
• [18]JAT M K,GARG P K,KHARE D.Monitoring and modelling of urban sprawl using remote sensing and GIS techniques[J].International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,2008,10(1):26-43.
• [19]GAO F,DE COLSTOUN E B,MA R,et al.Mapping impervious surface expansion using medium-resolution satellite image time series:a case study in the Yangtze River Delta,China[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2012,33(24):7609-7628.
• [20]SUN Z,WANG C,GUO H,et al.A modified normalized difference impervious surface index(MNDISI)for automatic urban mapping from Landsat imagery[J].Remote Sensing,2017,9(9):942-959.
• [21]刘纪远,匡文慧,张增祥,等.20世纪80年代末以来中国土地利用变化的基本特征与空间格局[J].地理学报,2014,69(1):3-14.(LIU Jiyuan,KUANG Wenhui,ZHANG Zengxiang,et al.Spatiotemporal characteristics,patterns,and causes of land-use changes in China since the late 1980s[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2014,69(1):3-14.)
• [22]陈军,陈利军,李然,等.基于GlobeLand30的全球城乡建设用地空间分布与变化统计分析[J].测绘学报,2015,44(11):1181-1188.(CHEN Jun,CHEN Lijun,LI Ran,et al.Spatial distribution and ten years change of global built-up areas derived from GlobeLand30[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2015,44(11):1181-1188.)
• [23]黄季焜,朱莉芬,邓祥征.中国建设用地扩张的区域差异及其影响因素[J].中国科学:地球科学,2007(9):1235-1241.(HUANG Jikun,ZHU Lifen,DENG Xiangzheng.Regional differences of China’s construction land expansion and its influencing factors[J].Science in China:Earth Sciences,2007(9):1235-1241.)
• [24]LIU X,HU G,CHEN Y,et al.High-resolution multitemporal mapping of global urban land using Landsat images based on the Google Earth Engine Platform[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2018,209:227-239.
• [25]WAN B,GUO Q,FANG F,et al.Mapping US urban extents from MODIS data using one-class classification method[J].Remote Sensing,2015,7(8):10143-10163.
• [26]GUINDON B,ZHANG Y,DILLABAUGH C.Landsat urban mapping based on a combined spectral-spatial methodology[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2004,92(2):218-232.
• [27]AUTHOR E B C,BELWARD A S.GLC2000:a new approach to global land cover mapping from Earth observation data[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2005,26(9):1959-1977.
• [28]COSTA J N D,BIELECKA E,CALKA B,et al.Uncertainty quantification of the global rural-urban mapping project over Polish census data[C]∥Environmental Engineering.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2016.
• [29]GONG P,LIU H,ZHANG M,et al.Stable classification with limited sample:transferring a 30mresolution sample set collected in 2015to mapping 10 mresolution global land cover in 2017[J].Science Bulletin,2019,64(6):370-373.
• [30]王雷,李丛丛,应清,等.中国1990-2010年城市扩张卫星遥感制图[J].科学通报,2012(16):1388-1399.(WANG Lei,LI Congcong,YING Qing,et al.China’s urban expansion from 1990to 2010determined with satellite remote sensing[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2012(16):1388-1399.)
• [31]张翰超,宁晓刚,王浩,等.基于高分辨率遥感影像的2000-2015年中国省会城市高精度扩张监测与分析[J].地理学报,2018,73(12):2345-2363.(ZHANGHanchao,NING Xiaogang,WANG Hao,et al.High accuracy urban expansion monitoring and analysis of China’s provincial capitals from 2000to 2015based on high-resolution remote sensing imagery[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2018,73(12):2345-2363.)
• [32]LIU X,LI X,ZHANG X.Determining class proportions within a pixel using a new mixed-label analysis method[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience&Remote Sensing,2010,48(4):1882-1891.
• [33]WANG H,NING X,ZHANG H,et al.Urban boundary extraction and urban sprawl measurement using high-resolution remote sensing images:a case study of china’s provincial[C]∥The International Archives of the Photogrammetry,Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2018:1713-1719.
• [34]LU D,HETRICK S,MORAN E.Impervious surface mapping with Quick bird imagery[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2011,32(9):2519-2533.
• [35]ZHOU Y,WANG Y,GOLD A J,et al.Modeling watershed rainfall-runoff relations using impervious surface-area data with high spatial resolution[J].Hydrogeology Journal,2010,18(6):1413-1423.
• [36]HU X,WENG Q.Impervious surface area extraction from IKONOS imagery using an object-based fuzzy method[J].Geocarto International,2011,26(1):3-20.
• [37]LI P,GUO J,SONG B,et al.A multilevel hierarchical image segmentation method for urban impervious surface mapping using very high resolution imagery[J].IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations&Remote Sensing,2011,4(1):103-116.
• [38]LIU C,SHAO Z,CHEN M,et al.MNDISI:a multisource composition index for impervious surface area estimation at the individual city scale[J].Remote Sensing Letters,2013,4(8):803-812.
• [39]ZHANG X,DU S,WANG Q.Integrating bottom-up classification and top-down feedback for improving urban land-cover and functional-zone mapping[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2018,212:231-248.
• [40]TAHA E D,SHARAWI A.Urban land cover from GF-2satellite images using object based&neural network classifications[C]∥IEGE 2018:International Conference on Geomatics Engineering-August.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2018.
• [41]陈洪,陶超,邹峥嵘,等.一种新的高分辨率遥感影像城区提取方法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2013,38(9):1063-1067.(CHEN Hong,TAO Chao,ZOU Zhengrong,et al.Automatic urban area extraction using a Gabor filter and high-resolution remote sensing imagery[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2013,38(9):1063-1067.)
• [42]陶超,谭毅华,蔡华杰,等.面向对象的高分辨率遥感影像城区建筑物分级提取方法[J].测绘学报,2010,39(1):39-45.(TAO Chao,TAN Yihua,CAI Huajie,et al.Object-oriented method of urban building extraction from high-resolution remote sensing imagery[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2010,39(1):39-45.)
• [43]周小驰,刘咏梅,杨海娟.西安市城市边缘区空间识别与边界划分[J].地球信息科学学报,2017,19(10):1327-1335.(ZHOU Xiaochi,LIU Yongmei,YANGHaijuan.Spatial recognition and boundary region division of urban fringe area in Xi’an city[J].Journal of Geo-information Science,2017,19(10):1327-1335.)
• [44]HARA M,OKADA S,YAGI H,et al.Progress for stable artificial lights distribution extraction accuracy and estimation of electric power consumption by means of DMSP/OLS nighttime imagery[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing&Earth Sciences,2010,1(1):31-42.
• [45]TING M A,ZHOU C,TAO P,et al.Quantitative estimation of urbanization dynamics using time series of DMSP/OLS nighttime light data:a comparative case study from China’s cities[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2012,124(124):99-107.
• [46]毛卫华,胡德勇,曹冉,等.利用MODIS产品和DM-SP/OLS夜间灯光数据监测城市扩张[J].地理研究,2013,32(7):1325-1335.(MAO Weihua,HU Deyong,CAO Ran,et al.Monitoring urban expansion of Zhejiang Province using MODIS/EVI data products and DMSP/OLS nighttime light data[J].Geographical Research,2013,32(7):1325-1335.)
• [47]刘沁萍,杨永春,付冬暇,等.基于DMSP_OLS灯光数据的1992-2010年中国城市空间扩张研究[J].地理科学,2014,34(2):129-136.(LIU Qinping,YANGYongchun,FU Dongxia,et al.Urban spatial expansion based on DMSP_OLS nighttime light data in China in1992-2010[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2014,34(2):129-136.)
• [48]SHI K,HUANG C,YU B,et al.Evaluation of NPP-VIIRS night-time light composite data for extracting built-up urban areas[J].Remote Sensing Letters,2014,5(4):358-366.
• [49]方斌,张宪哲,杨柳.基于POI数据的城市边界变化提取研究:以山西运城市城区为例[J].现代测绘,2017,40(5):20-22.(FANG Bin,ZHANG Xianzhe,YANGLiu.Study on urban boundary identification based on POI:a case study of Yuncheng city in Shanxi[J].Modern Surveying and Mapping,2017,40(5):20-22.)
• [50]许泽宁,高晓路.基于电子地图兴趣点的城市建成区边界识别方法[J].地理学报,2016,71(6):928-939.(XUZening,GAO Xiaolu.A novel method for identifying the boundary of urban built-up areas with POI data[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2016,71(6):928-939.)