分级间隔选择中的平坦松弛、最优化及凑整原理
M.S.Monmonier ,晋文红
摘要(Abstract):
在选择等值区域地图的分级间隔时采用最优化方法,往往使分级间断点的有效数字过多,从而超过地图用户所喜闻乐见的位数,或超过原始数据所能保证的精度。便于记忆和心算的舍入凑整的分级间断点,易于被引入,作为对最优化方法的约束。那些具有特殊内在意义的间断点——例如,对制图分布的全球性或区域性的平均值,可以向我们提供更有效的分级。正如平坦松弛原理所预料的一样,由此而产生的次最优化的、受到约束的方案,其分级误差仅微微超过所谓分级间隔最优集的最小误差。
关键词(KeyWords):
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Author): M.S.Monmonier ,晋文红
参考文献(References):
- ABLER, R., ADAMS, J.S. and GOULD,P.R.1971. Spatal organization:the geographer's yiew of the world.Englewood Cliffs.N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
- BOGUE,D. J.1969. Principl es of demography.New York:John Wiley and Sons.
- BRASSEL,K.E.and UTANO,J. J.1979. Marring from an automated display system.Professsional Geographer,vol.31,191-20.
- DICKINSON,G.C.1973. Statistical mapping and the presentation of statistics.2nd ed London:Edward Arnold.
- DOEBELIN,E.O.1975. Measurement syst ems:applicat ion and design. Revised ed New York:McGraw-Hill.
- EHRENBERG,A.S.G.1975. Data reduction:analysing and interpreting statistical data.London:John Wiley and Sons.
- EVANS,I.S. 1977. The selection of class intervals.Transactions, institute of British Geographers,new series,vol.2,98-124.
- GOLDE, R. A. 1966. Sharpen your number sense. Har yard Business Revyiew,vol. 44,no.4,73-83.
- HUNT,E.and LOVE,T.1972. How good can memory be? In MELTON, A.W.and MARTIN,E. (editors).Coding processes in human memory. Washington.V.H.Winston and Sons,pp.237-60.