社区尺度下南京鼓楼区养老设施综合评价研究Study on comprehensive evaluation of old-age feeding facilities in Gulou district of Nanjing under community scale
万浴,黄紫荆,陈刚,刘玉轩
摘要(Abstract):
针对南京市鼓楼区提出的打造"15 min养老圈"规划,该文选取养老助餐设施为研究对象,基于百度交通距离,结合社区精细尺度,从养老助餐设施数量、服务规模、空间可达性等多维度构建养老助餐设施综合评价模型,测度鼓楼区各社区养老助餐设施建设成果。结果表明:(1)鼓楼区现有养老助餐设施已覆盖95.5%的老龄人口,基本实现"15 min养老圈"规划,并揭示了未来养老助餐设施重点布局区域;(2)高斯两步移动搜索法有效地测度了鼓楼区养老助餐设施的空间可达性,鼓楼区约有91个社区的可达性属于中等及以上水平,占比75.8%;(3)鼓楼区养老助餐设施综合评价达到中等及以上水平的社区占比93.3%,同时也存在养老供需不匹配的问题。
关键词(KeyWords): 养老助餐设施;高斯两步移动搜索法;可达性;综合评价;南京市鼓楼区
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目(J41271160)
作者(Author): 万浴,黄紫荆,陈刚,刘玉轩
DOI: 10.16251/j.cnki.1009-2307.2021.04.019
参考文献(References):
- [1]TEITZ M B.Toward a theory of urban public facility location[J].Papers of the Regional Science Association,1968,21(1):35-51.
- [2]HARVEY D.Social justice and the city[M].Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press,1973.
- [3]BACH L.The problem of aggregation and distance for analyses of accessibility and access opportunity in location-allocation models[J].Environment and Planning A,1981,13(8):955-978.
- [4]PACIONE M.Access to urban services-the case of secondary schools in Glasgow[J].The Scottish Geographical Magazine,1989,105(1):12-18.
- [5]TALENE E,ANSELIN L.Assessing spatial equity:an evaluation of measures of accessibility to public playgrounds[J].Environment and Planning A,1998,30(4):595-613.
- [6]HANSEN W G.How accessibility shapes land use[J].Journal of the American Planning Association,1959,25(2):73-76.
- [7]刘贤腾.空间可达性研究综述[J].城市交通,2007,5(6):36-43.(LIU Xianteng.General description of spatial accessibility[J].Urban Transport of China,2007,5(6):36-43.)
- [8]LUO Wei,WANG Fahui.Measures of spatial accessibility to health care in a GIS environment:synthesis and a case study in the Chicago region[J].Environment and Planning B,2003,30(6):865-884.
- [9]陶卓霖,程杨,戴特奇,等.基于公平最大化目标的2020年北京市养老设施布局优化[J].地理科学进展,2015,34(12):1609-1616.(TAO Zhuolin,CHENGYang,DAI Teqi,et al.Spatial optimization of residential care facility locations in 2020in Beijing:maximum equity in accessibility[J].Progress in Geography,2015,34(12):1609-1616.)
- [10]姜克芳.城市养老设施的空间可达性与公平性测度研究:以南京市鼓楼区为例[C]∥2015中国城市规划年会论文集(06城市设计与详细规划).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2015:619-627.(JIANG Kefang.Study on the measurement of spatial accessibility and fairness of urban old-age facilities:taking the Gulou district of Nanjing as an example[C]∥Proceedings of 2015China Urban Planning Annual Conference(06 Urban Design and Detailed Planning).Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2015:619-627.)
- [11]南京市民政局.2017年南京市老年人口信息和老龄事业发展状况报告[EB/OL].(2018-05-15)[2019-03-21].http:∥mzj.nanjing.gov.cn/njsmzj/njsmzj/201810/t20181022_590559.html.(Nanjing Civil Affairs Bureau.2017report on the information of the elderly population and the development of undertakings for the elderly in Nanjing[EB/OL].(2018-05-15)[2019-03-21].http:∥mzj.nanjing.gov.cn/njsmzj/njsmzj/201810/t20181022_590559.html.)
- [12]南京市人民政府.市政府关于加快发展养老服务业的实施意见[EB/OL].(2014-08-09)[2019-03-21].http:∥www.nanjing.gov.cn/zdgk/201409/t20140923_1056483.html.(The People’s Government of Nanjing Municipality.Implementation opinions of the municipal government on accelerating the development of the service industry for the elderly[EB/OL].(2014-08-09)[2019-03-21].http:∥www.nanjing.gov.cn/zdgk/201409/t20140923_1056483.html.)
- [13]臧首成.鼓楼区发布“白皮书”老年人口位列全市首位[N].东方卫报,2018-10-19(4).(ZANG Shoucheng.Gulou district released a“white paper”on the city’s elderly population ranked first[N].Oriental Guardian,2018-10-19(4).)
- [14]苗菁菁.基于可达性分析的社区养老服务设施空间布局优化研究:以南京市鼓楼区助餐点为例[C]∥2017中国城市规划年会论文集(05城市规划新技术应用).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2017:345-355.(MIAOJingjing.Study on the optimization of the spatial layout of community old-age service facilities based on accessibility analysis:taking the example of helping meals in the Gulou district of Nanjing city[C]∥Proceedings of 2017 China Urban Planning Annual Conference(05 Application of New Technologies in Urban Planning).Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2017:345-355.)
- [15]南京市统计局.南京市2015年1%人口抽样调查主要数据公报[EB/OL].(2016-07-29)[2019-03-21].http:∥tjj.nanjing.gov.cn/njstjj/201810/t20181021_527406.html.(Nanjing Bureau of Statistics.Main data bulletin of Nanjing’s sampling survey of 1%population in2015[EB/OL].(2016-07-29)[2019-03-21].http:∥tjj.nanjing.gov.cn/njstjj/201810/t20181021_527406.html.)
- [16]陈昕.养老资源便民手册[Z].南京:南京市鼓楼区民政局,2017.(CHEN Xin.Handbook for the convenience of elderly resources[Z].Nanjing:Gulou District Civil Affairs Bureau of Nanjing,2017.)
- [17]WANG Fahui.Quantitative methods and applications in GIS[M].Boca Raton Florida:CRC Press,2006:77-96.
- [18]肖华斌,袁奇峰,徐会军.基于可达性和服务面积的公园绿地空间分布研究[J].规划师,2009,25(2):83-88.(XIAO Huabin,YUAN Qifeng,XU Huijun.Green space distribution based on accessibility and serving area[J].Planners,2009,25(2):83-88.)
- [19]忻静.面向“15min社区生活圈”规划的养老设施建设测度[J].遥感信息,2019,34(2):118-123.(XIN Jing.Measurement of construction for elderly-care facilities based on 15-minute community living circle planning[J].Remote Sensing Information,2019,34 (2):118-123.)
- [20]南京市规划局.南京市鼓楼区总体规划(2013-2030)公众意见征询[EB/OL].(2014-03-13)[2019-03-21].http:∥nj.house365.com/planinfo/record.php?threadid=2415&pn=11.(Nanjing Planning Bureau.Public consultation on the master plan of Gulou district,Nanjing(2013-2030)[EB/OL].(2014-03-13)[2019-03-21].http:∥nj.house365.com/planinfo/record.php?threadid=2415&pn=11.)